The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.